Water stress and climate variability can act as a driver of fragility, intensifying pre-existing political, social, economic and environmental challenges. Migration, water and climate stress are inextricably linked to rural development. Water, climate change and agrarian stress We look at the impacts of Covid-19 on migration governance and rural areas across seven countries, development planning in Ghana, migration challenges in Southeast Asia, and community-based disaster management and resilience building in South Africa. Migrants, particularly those living in crowded, lower-income neighborhoods, have been experiencing stigmatization related to the spread of Covid-19. Consequences have been severe for informal migrants who lack government protection in their host countries. Some migrants face social stigma for returning home without an income, particularly if families relied on loans to support their journeys. There have been significant economic shocks, with a sharp decline in unemployment for migrants and an inability to send money home through remittances to support family. Government lockdowns and closed borders due to the pandemic curtailed movement for migrants, posing complex problems for migrant hosting and origin countries. This focus area contributes to the following One CGIAR impact areas:Ĭovid-19 has caused a rupture in migration logistics and exposed inequities in the migration system, yet drivers of movement remain. Our work follows a ‘positive migration’ philosophy, framing migration as an adaptation technique and socio-economic choice (in many cases) rather than a problem to be solved, and focuses on establishing safer, more regular migration by supporting changes to migration governance in sending regions. We recognize there are complex push and pull factors such as individual aspirations, economic opportunity, social norms, climate variability and government policies which drive migration and affect rural communities, particularly youth.
At IWMI, we assess linkages between rural and urban areas, as well as the role of agricultural knowledge systems and food and water security. Income generated by migrants is often sent back to family as remittances to support communities at home.
As agricultural opportunities fluctuate in rural areas, migration, particularly to urban areas, is an adaptation technique to secure incomes and alternative livelihoods.
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